Nabilone

Overview

Ondansetron (HCl) is oral and parenteral antiemetic agent. Ondansetron (HCl) is the first selective serotonin blocking agent to be marketed. Ondansetron (HCl) is extremely safe and highly effective antiemetic that has greatly improved the ability to give chemotherapy. The quality of life of patients has been tremendously better with ondansetron than with older, traditional antiemetics. Despite its effectiveness, ondansetron is not recommended for the routine treatment of nausea due to its significant cost. Ondansetron was originally approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting by the FDA in January 1991 and tablets were approved for the treatment of post-operative nausea/vomiting in April 1995. It may have central and/or peripheral action, selectively blocks the serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. 5-HT 1receptors are found centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and peripherally at vagal nerve terminals in the intestines.

Categories

• 17 Gastrointestinal drugs
  • 17.2 Antiemetics & antinauseants

Page headings

Primary Characterstics

Indications

Pharmacokinetics

Oral absorption of Ondansetron (HCl) is found to be 29.5% ±29.5. Volume of distribution is found to be 163 ± 25 litre and plasma protien binding is 70-76%. Presystemic metabolism is noted to be 73% ±2 and metabolism is reported extensive by Liver. Renal Excretion accounts for < 10% and plasma half life is 3.3 ± 0.8 hr.

Contraindications

Ondansetron (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Hypersensitivity.

Drug Interactions

Side Effects

The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Ondansetron (HCl), which give rise to further complications include Cardiac arrhythmias, Bronchospasm, Cardiac arrhythmias, Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Angioedema, Angina, Angioedema, Hyperbilirubinemia.

The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Ondansetron (HCl) include Constipation, Dizziness, Headache.

The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Ondansetron (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Headache, Fever, Dyspnea, Constipation, Abdominal pain, Chills, Hypotension, Flushing, Hiccups, Xerostomia, Vision disturbances, Reaction at injection site, Warmth sensation, dizziness, Hypotension.

Dosage

Nabilone's dosage details are as follows:

Dose	Single Dose	Frequency	Route	Instructions
Adult Dosage
1 to 2 mg	1.5 (1.5)	12 hourly	PO	On the day of chemotherapy, the initial dose should be given 1 to 3 hours before the chemotherapeutic agent is administered. To minimize side effects, it is recommended that the lower starting dose be used and that the dose be increased as necessary. A dose of 1 or 2 mg the night before may be useful.
Paedriatic Dosage (20kg)
No data regarding the Paedriatic dosage details of Nabilone is available.
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
No data regarding the neonatal dosage details of Nabilone is available.

High Risk Groups

Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, and Neonates.

If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.

Warning / Precautions

Storage Conditions

Interference in Pathology

Brands / Trade Names of Nabilone

Manufacturers of Nabilone in Pakistan

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