Ampicillin
Overview
Almost 70 years ago, Alexander Fleming reported his discovery of penicillin in 1929. Chain, Flory and their associates succeeded in producing significant quantities of the first penicillins from the cultures of Penicillium notatum in 1940. Ten years later virtually unlimited quantities of penicillin G were available for clinical use. Penicillin is derived directly or indirectly from strains of fungi of the genus Penicillium and other soil inhibiting fungi grown on special culture media. Penicillins are active against most bacteria especially gram positive pathogen (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci), some negative starins (gonococci, meningoccocci), some spirochetes and some fugi. The structure of penicillin consists of a thiazolidine ring connected to a ß lactam ring, which is attached to a side chain. Ampicillin is a semisynthetic pencillin derived from the basic penicillin nucleus 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Ampicillin is a bactericidal penicillin and effective against a variety of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect.it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) This is achieved by taking the drug at regular intervals of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Ampicillin is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the drug it may result in ineffective treatment. Ampicillin is effective against typhoid fever.
Categories
- 6 Anti-infective drugs
- 6.2 Antibiotics, systemic
Primary Characterstics
Indications
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Pharmacokinetics
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Contraindications
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Side Effects
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Dosage
Ampicillin's dosage details are as follows:
| Dose
|
Single Dose
|
Frequency
|
Route
|
Instructions
|
Adult Dosage
|
| 500 to 1000 mg | 750 (750) | 6 hourly | IV,IM | Maximum dose: 12 g |
| 250 to 500 mg | 380 (375) | 6 hourly | PO | |
Paedriatic Dosage (20kg)
|
| 12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Intra Muscular | - |
| 12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Intra Venous | - |
| 12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Oral | - |
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
|
| 12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Intramuscular | |
| 12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Intravenous | |
| 7.815 to 15.625 mg/kg | 12 (11.72) | 6 hourly | oral | |
High Risk Groups
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Warning / Precautions
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Storage Conditions
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Interference in Pathology
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Brands / Trade Names of
Ampicillin
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